RALEIGH, N.C. (NCN News) — Public health officials with the North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services are reporting a case of rare illness caused by Naegleria fowleri, an amoeba (one-celled living organism) commonly found in warm freshwater, in a central NC teen. The patient is critically ill and receiving medical care. To protect the family’s privacy, no further information will be released.
“Our hearts go out to this teen’s family, friends and loved ones as they navigate this difficult time,” said State Epidemiologist Zack Moore, M.D. “While these infections are very rare, this is an important reminder that this amoeba is present in our state and across the U.S. There are steps people can take to reduce their risk of infection while swimming during the warmer months.”
While the source for this case is under investigation, Naegleria fowleri is naturally present in warm freshwater like ponds, lakes and rivers. It is not found in salt water or in properly maintained and chlorinated pools. The amoeba does not cause illness if swallowed but can be fatal if water with the amoeba in it is forced up the nose into the brain, which can occur by jumping into water, diving, water-skiing or other water activities.
Symptoms of Naegleria fowleri infection — also called primary amebic meningoencephalitis or PAM — start with severe headache, fever, nausea and vomiting, and progress to stiff neck, seizures and coma. Once symptoms start, the disease progresses rapidly and usually causes death within about five days. Typically, fewer than 10 people a year in the United States get PAM.
These rare infections usually occur when it is hot for prolonged periods of time, which results in higher water temperatures and lower water levels. Naegleria fowleri grows best at higher temperatures up to 115°F.
While there is no way to eliminate this amoeba from the environment, safety measures include:
- Prevent water going up your nose by holding your nose shut, use nose clips or keep your head above water when taking part in warm freshwater-related activities.
- Avoid putting your head underwater in hot springs and thermal waters.
- Avoid jumping or diving in warm freshwater during periods of high water temperatures and low water levels.
- Avoid digging in or stirring up the sediment while taking part in water-related activities in shallow, warm freshwater areas.
For more information, please visit the CDC’s Naegleria fowleri webpage.